deep space optical communication

Propagation of EM Waves in Atmosphere - In an Earth environment, electromagnetic waves propagate in ways that depend not only on their own properties but also on those of the environment itself. Since the various methods of propagation depend largely on frequency therefore the complete electromagne..

Optical Communication - Optical Fibres - An optical fiber is a dielectric wave guide that transports light signals from one place to another just as a twisted-wire pair or a coaxial cable transports electrical signals. It consists of a central core within whi..

An optical fiber is a dielectric wave guide that transports light signals from one place to another just as a twisted-wire pair or a coaxial cable transports electrical signal..

..

Communication satellites are normally geostationary satellites. They have devices called transponder which receive signals from an earth station and transmit them in different directions. The signals in the form of electromagnetic radiation are transmitted from the earth station and these..

Space Exploration..

Space Launching Vehicles - To place a satellite into orbit it needs to be accelerated in several stages. The required acceleration is produced by firing rockets at various stages of flight. These rockets are fitted into a system called 'launch vehicle' which carries the satellite. By firi..

; complete bending down takes place, as illustrated in the below figur..

Basic Principles of Wireless Radio Communication - Let us now discuss the basic principles of wireless radio communications. We shall mainly concentrate on the principle of amplitude modulation and demodulation. The simplest scheme of wireless communication would be to..

This type of wave propagation is said to be unguided. The uniform plane wave exists throughout all space. The electromagnetic energy associated with the wave spreads over a wide are..