derivations

The reactions of carboxylic acids and their derivatives involve substitution of the group L with nucleophiles and are known as nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction. Carboxylic acids and their derivatives can be interconverted by nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction..

Replacement of hydroxyl group in carboxylic acids with a halogen, carboxylate, alkoxy or amino group gives functional derivatives of carboxylic acid known as acyl halides, acid anhydrides, esters or amides respectivel..

Replacement of hydroxyl group in carboxylic acids with a halogen, carboxylate, alkoxy or amino group gives functional derivatives of carboxylic acid known as acyl halides, acid anhydrides, esters or amides respectivel..

Derivation of de-Broglie Relationship - The relationship may be derived by combining the mass-energy relationship proposed by Max Planck and Einstein. According to Planck, photon of light having energy E is associated with a wave of frequency n as: E = h n .....(1) According to ..

The relationship may be derived by combining the mass-energy relationship proposed by Max Planck and Einstein. According to Planck, photon of light having energy E is associated with a wave of frequency n as: E = h n .....(1) According to Einstein, mass and energy are related as: E = mc 2..

Let AB represent an object placed at right angles to the principal axis at a distance greater than the focal length f of the convex lens. The image A 1 B 1 is formed between O and F 1 on the same side as the object is kept and the image is erect and virtual. OF 1 = Focal length = f OA = Object dist..

Let AB represent an object placed at right angles to the principal axis at a distance greater than the focal length f of the convex lens. The image A 1 B 1 is formed between O and F 1 on the same side as the object is kept and the image is erect and virtua..

The structure of the functional groups in acyl halide, acid anhydride, ester and amide are similar to that of the carboxyl group. Due to the presence of lone pairs of electrons at the halogen, oxygen and nitrogen atoms, resonance is possible in these derivatives just like that in carboxyl..

Let m be the mass of a body in an orbit of radius r, velocity v and angular velocity ' w '. the centripetal force If T is the time period then, According to Kepler's third law, If M is the mass of the sun and the body of mass m is revolving around the sun, then the constant of prop..