discrete mathematics

Let A = [a ij ] be a square matrix. We can associate with the square matrix A, a determinant which is formed by exactly the same array of elements of the matrix A. A determinant formed by the same array of elements of the square matrix A is called the determinant of the square matrix A and is denot..

The co-factor of the element a ij is (-1) i+j times its minor a ij . We shall denote the cofactor of an element by the corresponding capital letter. Cofactor of a i j = A i j = (-1) i + j M i j Consider the determinant The minor of a 1 1 can be obtained by deleting the first row and..

A rectangular array of entries is called a Matrix. The entries may be real, complex or functions. The entries are also called as the elements of the matrix. The rectangular array of entries are enclosed in an ordinary bracket or in square bracke..

Equality of Matrices, Addition of Matrices, Matrix Addition is commutative, Matrix addition is associative, Subtraction of Matrices, Multiplication of a matrix by a scalar, Multiplication of Matrices, Properties of Matrix Multiplication, Transpose of a Matrix, Properties of Transpose, Symmetr..

The adjoint of a square matrix [aij] is defined as the transpose of the matrix [Aij] where Aij are the cofactors of the elements aij. Adjoint of A is denoted by adj A. Let A be a square matrix of order n. If there exists a matrix B of order n such that AB = BA = I, where I is the ident..

A matrix is defined as a rectangular array of elements. If the arrangement has m rows and n columns, then the matrix is of order mxn (read as m by n). A matrix is enclosed by a pair of parameters such as ( ) or [ ]. It is denoted by a capital lette..

We have seen the application of matrices and determinants in solving system of linear equation with three unknown variables. Matrices and determinants are also widely used in solving large system of linear equation. Some of these methods are Gauss-elimination method, Gauss-Jordan method etc. They a..

Consider the arrangement In this arrangement, there are two rows and four columns. The number 3 lies in the 2 n d row and 4 t h column. Each number has a fixed position. Matrix A has 2 rows and 3 columns and is thus of order 2 x 3. Matrix B has 3 rows and 2 columns and is thus of order 3 x 2. The p..

(i) Note that the entries in a given matrix need not be distinct. (ii) The entries in this matrix are function of x. A matrix having m rows and n columns is called as matrix of order mxn. Such a matrix has mn elements. In general, an mxn matrix is in the form Where a i j represents the ele..

a = 2, d = -1, e =..