electrons in benzene

Benzene does not give reactions characteristic of unsaturated hydrocarbons such as ethane, even though it has 6 electrons. On the other hand, it is quite stable and gives substitution reactions. Because of the high electron density on the ring, a tendency by the ..

. Aromatic nitro compounds like nitro benzene has a smell of bitter almonds. iii) Nitro alkanes are sparingly soluble in water (lower members are relatively more soluble than the higher members). Aromatic nitro compounds are not soluble in water. They are soluble in organic solvents. iv) ..

Due to resonance, the p -electron charge in benzene gets distributed over greater area, i.e., gets delocalized. Delocalization results in the energy of the resonance hybrid decreasing relative to the contributing structures, by about 150 kJ mol - 1 . This decrease in energy i..

Electrophilic Substitution - The nitro group strongly deactivates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution. Nitro group is electron withdrawing group and thus causes electron deficiency at ortho and para positrons as is clear from the resonating structures o..

The halogen atom is ortho and para directing and therefore, substitution takes place at ortho and para positions giving electrophilic substitution reactions at the benzene ring. In the resonance structures of chlorobenzene the ortho and para positions get negatively charged, i.e. the ..

Aliphatic amines have a pyramidal shape that is approximately tetrahedral when we assume the electron pair on nitrogen as a group. An amine which has 3 different groups attached to nitrogen has chiral nitrogen. But such amines cannot be resolved into enantiomers because of rapid inversion..

The -OH group attached to the benzene ring in phenol activates, it towards electrophilic substitution. It directs the incoming group to ortho and para positions in the ring as these positions become electron rich due to electronic effect (also mesomeric effect) c..

Aromatic Nitro Compounds - Aromatic compounds can be directly nitrated using a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulphuric acid. This reaction is an example of electrophilic substitution of benzene. The electrophile is a nitroni..

Aromaticity (Huckel rule) - Aromatic compounds are those, which resemble benzene in chemical behavior. These compounds contain alternate double and single bonds in a cyclic structure. They undergo substitution reactions rather than addition reactions. This characteristic behavior is calle..

>In non aqueous medium, the order of basic strength is 3 o > 2 o > 1 o . Aromatic amines are weaker bases as compared to ammonia. Electron releasing groups like - CH 3 , -OCH 3 , NH 2 etc., increase the basic strength while electron withdrawing groups like NO 2 , -CN etc d..