examples of gymnosperms

. The diploid zygote develops into an embryo which remains enclosed within the ovule. The ovule then transforms itself into a seed. The seed remains attached to the megasporophyll and is not enclosed by a fruit. The ripe and dry seeds are shed. Under suitable conditions the seeds germinate and deve..

The gymnosperms are seed producing land plants. However, the seeds are not enclosed in fruits. Most of them have now become extinct and only about 900 species are known to be surviving. The living gymnosperms are widely distributed in the cold climates where snow, rather t..

The micro-organisms like cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and photosynthetic bacteria can also fix nitrogen. Some cyanobacteria also act as symbionts and are present in association with lichens; liverwort - Anthoceros; fronds of water fern - Azolla and roots of a gymnosperm - Cyc..

This group includes the gymnosperms in which seeds are not enclosed in fruits. This class is divided into three families Gnetaceae, Confiraceae and Cycadaceae. fig. 9.2 - Angiosperm Classificati..

The kingdom Metaphyta (or the plant kingdom in its true sense) includes all the eukaryotic, multicellular, photosynthetic plants found in this biosphere. It consists of three major groups of plants algae, bryophytes and tracheophytes. The group algae includes primarily aquatic or semi aquatic multi..

Tracheophytes include the true land plants or vascular plants. The adult plant body is a sporophyte and shows definite root, stem and leaves. Vascular tissues xylem and phloem are present for the translocation of water and food respectively. Gametophytic phase is short lived. It may be parasitic on..

Kingdom Metaphyta - The kingdom Metaphyta (or the plant kingdom in its true sense) includes all the eukaryotic, multicellular, photosynthetic plants found in this biosphere. It consists of three major groups of plants algae, bryophytes and tracheophytes. The group algae includes primarily aquatic o..

. It is meant for storage of reserve food. Conjunctive parenchyma is the parenchyma, which occurs in the root system. It is specially meant for storage of water. Armed parenchyma is the parenchyma, which is found in the epidermis of leaves in some gymnosperms. The cells have many spiny pr..

Plants wilt when turgor pressure inside the cells of such tissues go down below zero. Pressure chamber is used for measuring water potential of whole leaves, shoots, etc. The value of osmotic pressure of the soil solution in a well watered soil is less than one atmosphere. Osmotic pressu..

>The adult plant body is a gametophyte. It contains reproductive structures called antheridia which produces male gametes and archegonia which produces the egg cell. The fertilised egg develops into a sporophyte which remains attached to the gametophyte, leading a parasitic life. The sporophyte pro..