filling orbitals

Rules for Filling Molecular Orbitals - The following rules are followed for filling up molecular orbitals with electrons in order to write molecular configurations: 1. The molecular orbital having the lowest energy is filled first. This is..

Each molecular orbital can accommodate maximum of two electrons having opposite spins. This is in accordance with Pauli's exclusion principl..

Molecular orbital theory was proposed by F. Hund and R.S. Mulliken in 1932. The basic idea of molecular orbital theory is that atomic orbitals of individual atoms combine to form molecular orbitals. The electrons in molecules are present in the molecula..

Molecular orbital theory was proposed by F. Hund and R.S. Mulliken in 1932. The basic idea of molecular orbital theory is that atomic orbitals of individual atoms combine to form molecular orbitals. The electrons in molecules are present in the molecular ..

(a) Formation of a planar hexagonal structure due to overlapping of the sp 2 hybrid orbital of each carbon atom with its neighboring carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. (b) A unhybridized 2p orbital on each carbon lies perpendicular to the carbon-carbon plane. Out of the three hybr..

These are also called inner transition elements. The first member of lanthanides is Lanthanum. These are the elements in which the last electron enters into 4f-orbital. These are silvery white metals and are good conductors of heat. Among all the elements only some elements have fully ..

The electronic configuration of nitrogen (1s 2 2s 2 2p 3 ) shows that it possesses exactly half-filled 'p' orbitals as its outershell configurations. Since, half-filled orbitals are extraordinarily stable, it is more difficult to remove an electron from this..

Certain electronic configuration like half-filled and completely-filled shells have extra stability. It is more difficult to remove electron from these stable configuration and the ionization energy is very high. For example, the noble gases have the most stable configuration a..

So, three of the hybrid orbitals are singly occupied, while the fourth hybrid orbital remains vacant. The two half-filled hybrid orbitals of each B atom overlap with two '1s' orbitals of two 'H' atoms, giving rise to in all four B - H regular coval..

Methane is the simplest carbon. Here, the four half filled orbitals belonging to the valence shell of carbon atom undergoes hybridization, resulting in the formation of four sp 3 hybrid orbitals which are directed towards the corners of tetrahedron. Each of the ..