fractional distillation of air

This liquid air contains two main substances, nitrogen and oxygen in liquid forms whose boiling points are -196 o C and -183 o C respectively. So when this liquid air is allowed to warm up, nitrogen with low boiling point boils over first and is separated. What remains behind i..

On commercial scale, nitrogen is obtained by the fractional distillation of liquefied air. The compressed carbon dioxide free air is liquefied by allowing it to expand in a region of low pressure. The liquefied air is then subjected to fractio..

The fermented liquor contains 9-10% of ethanol and is called wash or wort. It is distilled in a Coffey still (Distillation of wash in a Coffey still) to remove water and other impurities present in wash . The Coffey still consists of two tall fractionating column..

It is used for separating two liquids in any mixture, which have boiling points within a narrow range of temperatures. In such cases, simple distillation does not give complete separation and a modified version called fractional distillation is employe..

Refining of Petroleu..

The outgoing hot vapors from the main iron still preheat coal tar obtained from the destructive distillation of coal, in a pre-heater. In this process, coal tar loses most of the water it contains, along with some low boiling hydrocarbons. It is then sent to the main iron still (a side r..

>o C, water vapour gets separated in the form of tiny ice cubes. From liquid air, oxygen and nitrogen get separated by fractional distillation at different temperature..

Destructive distillation of coal occurs when coal is heated in the absence of air, at high temperatures. To achieve this, coal is heated in the absence of air in iron retorts, wherein the volatile material evolved is collected as distillate/condensate. The p..

When coal is heated without air, it does not burn but produces many by-products. This process of heating coal in the absence of air is called destructive distillation of coal. The main by products are: coke coal tar amino acid liquor coal gas The destructive disti..