function introduction

An animal performs all its life functions with an aim to be alive till it matures and reproduces. Reproduction is the ability of living organisms to produce new individuals similar to themselves. Reproduction ensures perpetuation and survival of their species. It leads to an increase in t..

Vitamins are the organic compounds required for the normal maintenance and health of an organism in minute quantities and their absence cause specific deficiency diseases. These are required in diet in order to perform specific biological functions. There are about 15 vitamins essen..

This chapter contains oxygen compounds in which oxygen is bonded to a carbon atom through a double bond. The functional unit >C = O, present in these compounds is called carbonyl group. We limit our study now to compounds having an acyl group (R - C = O) is bonded to hydrogen, ca..

Materials formed in one part of the body have to be taken up to other parts where they are needed or to be got rid of. This is an essential requirement of most animals. This function is performed by the body fluids. The movement of the body fluids i.e. blood and lymph from one part of the..

The mathematical models which tells to optimise (minimize or maximise) the objective function Z subject to certain condition on the variables is called a Linear programming problem (LPP). During World War II, the military managements in the U.K and the USA engaged a team of s..

A tissue is a group of cells having a common origin, similar structure and performing a common function. Tissues are characteristic of advanced multicellular animals, commonly called as eumetazoans. They are true multicellular animals where the body cells aggregate to form tissues, organs..

Every cell, whether it is prokaryotic or eukaryotic, is enclosed in a thin covering called cell membrane . It is also called as plasma membrane or plasma lemma . The cell membrane can only be seen through the electron microscope since its thickness is well below the resolving power of human eye. fi..

The study of world of life is as old as man itself. All living organisms are made up of a few elements which are repeated in each of them. The basic unit of life - cell, is a structural and functional entity of life. Of all the environmental factors that affect plant life, none is more im..

. At the nodes, lateral appendages called leaves arise. The leaves are green in colour. Also seen at the nodes are structures called branches and flowers. The branches also produce leaves and flowers. Flowers are the reproductive structures. The tip of the stem usually has a terminal bud which brin..

Apart from air, the most abundant substance on the earth is water. Humans need water for drinking, bathing, sanitation, washing, cooking etc. Modern agriculture, industry, transport, power generation, civic facilities etc., cannot exist without water. Our body needs water for digestion, internal cl..