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In its simplest form, it consists of a cylindrical glass tube about 50 cms long, closed at both ends called the discharge tube (or Crookes tube). The tube is fitted with two metallic electrodes, which are connected to a source of high voltage. It is filled with gas and the discharge tube is connec..

Take some crystals of iodine in an evaporating dish. Cover it with a glass funnel, as shown in figure 2.3. Close the tip of the tail of the funnel with some cotton. Heat the dish gently. The space inside the funnel gets filled with purple vapours of iodine. Stop the heating. The purple vapours soli..

Take a germinating bean seed with the radicle about 2 cm in length. Dry the seedling with the help of filter paper and mark the root at 2 mm intervals from tip upwards with water proof ink. Place the seedling on moist filter paper in a petridish for 24 hours. Observe the ink mark..

Air free from dust, moisture and carbon dioxide is bubbled through heated mercury. The oxygen of the air combines with the heated mercury to form mercuric oxide, a red coloured solid. The uncombined part of air is nitrogen, which is collected by the downward displacement of water (Fig.12.2). ..

The radioactive material was kept in a small cavity in a block of lead. The whole apparatus was enclosed in an evacuated vessel as shown here. An electric field was applied. It was observed that the beam is split up into three components. The radiations, which emerged from the radioa..

Take a beaker of water. Add a pinch of salt (sodium chloride) and stir. The water dissolves the salt and the salt spreads out throughout the water. Two samples of this solution taken from two different parts of the beaker will have the same composition. So, the solution is said to be homogeneous. G..

Two random experiments are said to be independent if for every pair of events E and F, where E is associated with the first experiment and F is associated with the second experiment, the probability of simultaneous occurrence of E and F, when the two experimentsh..