industrial preparation of nitric acid reactions and conditions

. Hence the complete apparatus should be made of glass only. Although pure nitric acid is colourless, the acid obtained by this method is slightly yellowish brown. This is due to the formation of reddish brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide gas when the acid is ex..

Stability - Pure nitric acid is not very stable. Even at ordinary temperature, in presence of sunlight it undergoes slight decomposition. As the temperature increases, the rate of decomposition also increases. On strong heating it decomposes completely to give nitrogen dioxide, ..

On a commercial scale, nitric acid is manufactured through the Ostwald's process - the process of catalytic oxidation of ammoni..

1) 1 s t step - Catalytic oxidation of ammonia to form nitric oxide 2) 2 n d step - Oxidation of nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide. 3) 3 r d step - Absorption of nitrogen dioxide in water to give nitric acid...

Zinc with dilute sulphuric acid is often used for the laboratory preparation of hydrogen. The reaction is slow at room temperature, but its rate can be increased by the addition of a little copper (II) sulphate. Zinc displaces copper metal, which acts as a catal..

From Ammonical Liquor - During the destructive distillation of coal, ammonical liquor is obtained as a by-product. Ammonical liquor on further processing yields large quantities of ammonia and ammonium salts. Ammonical liquor is boiled with milk of lime to obtain ammonia. This is passed into ice-co..

Industrial hydrogen is prepared with the help of coke, air and water. Coke is packed into a huge furnace or chamber, and very hot air is passed through for some time. The oxygen of the air combines with the coke to form carbon dioxide, liberating huge amount of heat, i.e., it is..

Aldehydes differ from ketones in their oxidation reactions. Aldehydes are easily oxdised to carboxylic acids on treatment with common oxidising agents like nitric acid, potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate etc. Aldehydes are easily oxidised to carboxy..

>A strong base dissociates completely in water Example: Sodium hydroxide A weak base dissociates partially in water Example: Ammonium hydroxide In neutralization reaction acids and bases neutralize each other to form corresponding salts and water Acidic and basic solut..

(i) Amphoteric character - Amides are feeble bases. The lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom is responsible for the basic character. This lone pair of electrons on nitrogen atom is involved in resonance with the carbonyl group (structure II). Thus the electron pair of nitrogen is not easily ..