introduction to quantum mechanics electrons

Wave nature of material objects In 1924, de Broglie's suggested that all material objects including an electron have a dual character; they behave as particles as well as waves. The wavelength associated with a particle of mass 'm', moving with velocity 'v' is given by de Broglie's rel..

Two new theories came to substantially modify Bohr's Atomic model. They a..

Probability Picture of Electrons and Concept of Atomic Orbital (Wave Mechanical Treatment) - The wave character of an electron and uncertainty in its position and momentum gave a serious blow to Bohr's model of an atom. According to Bohr, the electrons revolv..

Quantum Theory of Covalent Bond - Although the Lewis structures give an idea of the valence electrons around the atom, in reality it does not precisely locate the position of the electrons in the chemical bond. The behaviour of electrons in molecules and comp..

A low-dose x-ray source moves in an arc (360 o ) around a specific part of the body being scanned and repeatedly sends out x-ray beams. As the beams pass through the body, the tissues absorb small amounts of radiation. Once the beam passes through, they are converted by light sensitive crystal det..

The four numbers, which are required to specify the position and energy of an electron in an atom are called quantum numbers. These are - principal quantum number (n), angular quantum number (l), magnetic quantum number (m) and spin quantum..

Quantum Numbers - Orbitals of electrons in atoms differ in size shape and orientation. Definite energies and angular movements characterize atomic orbitals. The state of an electron in any atom is defined by certain permissible values of energy and angular momentum, wh..

Quantum Numbers - Schrodinger wave equation, when solved for hydrogen atom gives mathematical Y functions, which describe the allowed energy states in an atom. It is observed that physical meaningful solutions required three constants n, l and m, which are called quantum numbers..

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Viscosity - When two solid surfaces slide over each other, a frictional force acts between them that opposes the relative motion of the bodies. Similarly, when a layer of a liquid slips on another layer the two exert a tangential force on another. This opposes their motion. The property of a liquid..