introduction to set theory elements


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Introduction
A binomial is an algebraic expression of two terms which are connected by the operations '+' or '-'. For example, x - y, a + 3b, x 3 + 4y etc. are binomials. We know that, For n = 1,2,3,4, the expansion of (a + b) n , has been expressed in a very systematical manner in terms of combinatorial coeffi..
Introduction
If m is a positive integer, a x a x a . m times is written as a m . a is called the base and m is the power. We read it as "a raised to the power m". The power is also called "the index" or "the exponent". When the power or index is a fraction say then and it is a surd of order n. In this chapter w..
Introduction
The word 'Induction' means method of reasoning from individual cases to general ones or from observed instances to unobserved ones. Many important mathematical formulae are such that a result is formed by some means which does not provide for a direct proof. Mathematical Induction is a principle by..
Introduction
Let us consider the marks obtained by four students in Physics, Chemistry and Biology for the first unit test. We have represented the data in rows and columns. (i) Rows show the marks obtained by each student. (ii) The columns show the marks in Physics, Chemistry, Biology obtained by each student...
Introduction
You are familiar with factors and products in the case of numbers. For example, 8 is the product of 4 and 2. 4 and 2 are called the products of 8 . Similarly, the algebraic expression a x b x c = abc can be written as 1.a.b.c or 1.ab.c or 1.bc.a or 1.ac.b or 1.abc. 1, a, b, c, ab, bc, ac, abc are a..
Introduction
Lets say there are 6 frogs and 2 crabs in a pond. We can compare the number of frogs to the number of crabs in two different ways: How many more frogs than crabs are there? or How many fewer crabs than frogs are there? The answer to both the questions is same i.e. 6-2=4. There are 4 more frogs than..
Introduction
This chapter takes us much further and adds to our already existing knowledge about Ratio and Proportion. We will have to use many of the algebraic manipulations learnt earlier, use them with expertise to solve problems in this chapte..
Introduction
We use specific number of digits to denote an exact value of a number for required accuracy. The digits used for such a purpose are called significant figure..
Application of sets
The theory of finite sets is, arguably, a definition of Combinatorics. In particular, certain combinatorial topics (e.g. Ramsey theory) have important direct analogues in "combinatorial" set theory. Since Axiomatic Set Theory..
Operations on Sets
The Operations on Sets are: Union of sets, Intersection of sets, Disjoint sets, Difference of two sets (Relative complement), Symmetric Difference of two sets, Complement of a set..
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