ionic strength

The relative tendency of acids to transfer a proton to a common base, generally water is expressed as the relative strength of bronsted acids. For example, HCl has a higher tendency to transfer a proton to H 2 O than CH 3 COOH. This means HCl is a stronger acid than acetic acid. Thus, ..

Ionic solids are hard and brittle. Ionic solids dissolve in polar solvents like water "The ions of the ionic solids are pulled out of their lattice sites by the dipole movement of the polar solvent and dispersed into solvent form in the solution. Ionic..

such as linear, triangular, square planar, pyramidal, octahedral etc. The shape of a molecule affects its chemical and physical properties. For instance, some of the unique properties of water are due to the angular shape of its molecule (H 2 O). The stability and the self-replicating property of D..

Metals constitute about three fourths of all the known elements. They have characteristic properties such as bright luster, high electrical and thermal conductivity, malleability, ductility and high tensile strength. The attractive force, which binds various metal atoms, is called m..

More than 80 elements in the periodic table are metals. Metals are solids at ordinary temperature and pressure, with the exception (of mercury and gallium). Metals have characteristic properties such as: High thermal and electrical conductivity. Luster and high reflectivity. Malleability and ductil..

The chief postulates of the ionic theory or theory of electrolytic dissociation are as follows: On dissolving in water an electrolyte, breaks up into free cations and anions. The energy associated with moving charges is called current or electricity. The ions carry an electric charge and ..

The hydroxides of alkali metals are strongly basic in nature due to their low ionization energy. The basic strength increases down the group due to decrease in ionization energy. The M-OH bond is readily cleaved. The basic character of hydroxides of alkaline Earth metals is less than the ..

Whenever a Lewis acid reacts with a Lewis base, a covalent bond is formed. For example, CO 2 (Lewis acid) reacts with OH - (Lewis base) to give HCO 3 - (bicarbonate ion), BF 3 (boron trifluoride) behaves as a Lewis acid and NH 3 (ammonia) as a Lewis base. Calcium oxide (CaO) behaves as a Lew..

. Thus bond strengths of the compounds decrease as we move down the group. For example, lithium has relatively high heat of atomization, melting and boiling points, density and hardness. The first member will have a higher electronegativity than other group members and shows greater prope..