2. Ionization energies
The ionization energies of halogens are very high. This indicates that they have very little tendency to lose electrons. However, on going down the group from fluorine to astatine, the ionization energy decreases. This is due to gradual increase in atomic size, which is maximum..
Successive ionization energies
The energies required to remove subsequent electrons from a gaseous atom is called as successive ionization energies. They are termed as first ,second, third ionization energy depending on the removal of the first, second, third electron respectively. ..
3. Ionization energies
The first ionization energies of group 13 elements are less than the corresponding members of the alkaline earths. Explanation: The first electron in the case of group 13 elements (ns 2 np 1 ) is to be removed from p-orbital while in case of elements of group 2; the e..
Ionization Energy and Electronegativity
The first ionization energy of carbon atom is 1085 kJ mol - 1 . This value is very high. However, carbon has no tendency to lose or gain electrons as the electronegativity of carbon ,being 2.5, is neither too low nor too high. As a result, it forms bonds only by mutual sharing o..
Ionization Energy and Electronegativity
The first ionization energy of carbon atom is 1085 kJ mol - 1 . This value is very high. However, carbon has no tendency to lose or gain electrons as the electronegativity of carbon ,being 2.5, is neither too low nor too high. As a result, it forms bonds only by mutual sh..
Importance of Water
i) Required for solubilization of chemicals and several biochemical reactions like hydrolytic digestion of polymeric nutrients, photosynthesis, etc. ii) Important for the working of macromolecules, as a good ionizer, transport of materials, etc. iii) Acts as a habitat for hydropyhtic and ..
Action with water - Formation of hydroxides
Alkaline Earth metals have lesser tendency to react with water to form hydroxides as compared to alkali metals...
Examples of Hydrogen Bonding
Hydrogen fluoride - In hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen atom is bonded to highly electronegative atom, fluorine (electronegativity = 4). It has been found that in solid state hydrogen fluoride consists of long zig-zag chains of H..
Hydrogen fluoride - In hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen atom is bonded to highly electronegative atom, fluorine (electronegativity = 4). It has been found that in solid state hydrogen fluoride consists of long zig-zag chains of H..Examples of Hydrogen Bonding
In hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen atom is bonded to highly electronegative atom, fluorine (electronegativity = 4). It has been found that in solid state hydrogen fluoride consists of long zig-zag chains of H-F molecules associated by ..
i) Physical state
Hydrogen fluoride is a low boiling liquid (boiling point 292K) while HCl, HBr and HI are gases. The anomalous property of HF is due to presence of hydrogen bonding in the molecules. Due to hydrogen bonding in HF molecules it exists as ass..
Result
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