isotopes


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Applications
(i) Radioactive dating This gives us an approximate age of the rock or material containing the radioactive atoms. For e.g., A measurement of a fraction of uranium atom which have decayed into lead (by knowing the half life of uranium) tells us how old the rock is. (ii) Radiation from space conve..
Example: 3
Which of the following two nuclei are isotopes of each other..
Sequence Rules
Rule 1 - When four different atoms are attached to the chiral carbon, priority depends on atomic number. The atom with the highest atomic number gets top priority. If the two atoms are isotopes of the same element, the atom of higher mass number has higher priorit..
Solution
Which two of the following nuclei are isotopes of each other? The two isotopes are:..
Oxygen
Oxygen is very essential for the existence of human life on Earth. It is the most abundant element on the surface of the Earth. In a free state, it is present in the Earth's atmosphere to an extent of about 21% by volume, (23.15% by mass) In the combined form, it constitutes about 88% by mass of wa..
Example:1
Natural chlorine consists of two isotopes: Calculate the average atomic mass of chlorin..
Nuclear Fission
Fission of U-235 Nucleus by a Thermal Neutron The process of splitting of a nucleus of a heavy atom into a number of light nuclei with the liberation of large amount of energy and two or three neutrons is called nuclear fission. Example: When U-235 is bombarded by a neutron it splits into barium, krypton and 2.5 neutrons per fission on an aver..
Example
Natural chlorine consists of two isotopes: Calculate the average atomic mass of chlorine..
Modern Atomic Theory
In view of new discoveries about atoms, Dalton's atomic theory was modified as given below: * Atom is no longer indivisible as it has a complex structure of sub atomic particles (electrons, protons and neutrons). * Atoms of the same element may posses different relative masses (..
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