joseph priestly middle name

Introduction - Even in the sixteenth century chemists knew that by heating common salt and concentrated sulphuric acid together, hydrogen chloride could be prepared. The sodium sulphate salt obtained during the reactions studied intensively for its properties is called Glauber's salt after the disc..

Discovery of Ammonia - Joseph Priestley first prepared ammonia in 1775 by heating Sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) with slaked lime. Due to its basic nature, he called it alkaline air. In 1785, Comte Claude-Louis Berthollet determined the chemical composition of ammonia (Fig.6.1..

Cement - Cement is one of the most important modern building materials. It finds application in the construction of buildings, roads, dams and bridges. It is obtained by combining a lime-rich material with the one containing silica and alumina. Joseph Aspdin in 1824 found that when a stro..

Nomenclature of Acyl Halides - Acyl halides (sometimes also called acid halides) are named by identifying the acyl group (RCO) and then the halide. The name of the acyl group is derived from the name of the corresponding -ic acid by replacing the ending -ic acid by -yl..

Carbon forms p p -p p multiple bonds to itself, and to other elements, particularly nitrogen and oxygen. This results in the formation of a large number of compounds containing C = C, C C, C = O, C = N, C N and C = S bonds. For example ..

nitrile The common name of an alkyl cyanide is obtained by adding the word cyanide to the name of the alkyl group. Sometimes, an alkyl cyanide is also named as the nitrile of the acid which is produced on its hydrolysis. It is named by changing the suffix ..

oate An ester contains the group COOR where R is an alkyl group. The hydrolysis of the ester gives the parent acid and so its name is based on the name of the acid. Name of an ester = Alkyl group from the alcohol + Name of the parent acid - oic acid + oate ..

These alkanes also have special common names when both the halogen atoms are attached to the same C-atom. These are called 'gem-dihalides', or are also called alkylidene dihalides or simply, alkylidene halides. ..