laboratory apparatus

Laboratory Preparation of Oxygen - Any of the above mentioned methods could be used to prepare oxygen in the laboratory. Mercuric and silver oxides are not used for the preparation of oxygen, as they are very expensive. For the laboratory preparation of oxygen from any..

By treating sodium sulphite or bisulphite with dilute sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid - The apparatus is set up as shown in figure 7.1. Sodium sulphite or bisulphite is taken in a round bottom flask. Dilute sulphuric or hydrochloric acid is added through the dropping funnel and heated..

Destructive Distillation of Coal - When coal is heated without air, it does not burn but produces many by-products. This process of heating coal in the absence of air is called destructive distillation of coal. The main by products are: coke coal tar amino acid liquor coal gas The destructive disti..

Sand soaked with kerosene is taken in hard glass test tube. The test tube is clamped horizontally to a clamp stand Broken pumice is placed at the other end of the test tube. The apparatus is assembled as shown in the figure. The burner is lighted and the test tube is heated ..

Formula of Sulphur Trioxide: SO 3 Relative Molecular Mass: 80 Sulphur trioxide is prepared by the catalytic oxidation of sulphur dioxide. To prepare it, set up an apparatus as shown in figure 7.9. Dry sulphur dioxide and dry oxygen are sent into a combustion tube. The combustion tube cont..

In the laboratory, ammonia is usually prepared by heating a mixture of ammonium chloride and slaked lime in the ratio of 2 : 3 by mass. The arrangement of the apparatus is shown in the figure 6.2. As ammonia is lighter than air, it is collected by the downward displac..

As the theory of chemical evolution started gaining more support, investigations were initiated by several scientists to establish the conditions under which, the simplest organic compounds were formed in the primitive earth. Two scientists, Stanley Miller and Harold Urey were the first to put to t..

However in the laboratory, nitric acid is prepared by distilling a mixture of concentrated sulphuric acid and potassium nitrate or sodium nitrate salt (cheap and easily available). The apparatus is set up as shown in figure 6.13. Potassium nitrate or sodium nitrate is taken in t..

When concentrated sulphuric acid is heated with metal chlorides, hydrogen chloride gas is liberated. During the heating, sulphuric acid being less volatile, does not vapourize. In the laboratory, the chloride used is sodium chloride (common salt) since it is the cheapest and the most..