microwaves in organic synthesis

Gabriel Synthesis of Primary Amines - Pure primary aliphatic amines are prepared from alkyl halides by this method. In this reaction potassium phthalimide by reaction with KOH. The potassium phthalimide on treatment with alkyl halides gives N - alkyl phthalimide which on hydrolysis with 2..

The different types of cells in the body of a multicellular organism are specialised for different functions. Yet, we see an autonomy in the cells in carrying out some of the fundamental biological processes such as respiration, utilisation of food energy, synthesis of macromole..

) dehydration of alcohols 2) Williamson's synthesis. Aromatic ethers can prepared by reaction of sodium phenoxide with alkyl halides and not by reaction of sodium alkoxide with alkyl halide. C - O - C bond in ether is bent and hence polar. The C-O bond in ethers can be cleaved by hydrogen..

Importance of Diazonium Salt in Synthetic Organic Chemistry - Aryl diazonium salts constitute intermediates that can be used to synthesis many classes of organic compounds especially aryl halides in the pure state. For e.g., 1,2,3 - Tri bromobenzene is not formed in th..

Aryl diazonium salts constitute intermediates that can be used to synthesis many classes of organic compounds especially aryl halides in the pure state. For e.g., 1,2,3 - Tri bromobenzene is not formed in the pure state by direct bromination of benzene. But it is obtained by a s..

Growth is defined as an increase in the size and weight of an organism due to synthesis of new protoplas..

Genetic engineering is the in vitro manipulation of genes. It refers to artificial synthesis, modification, removal, addition and repair of the DNA of an organism so that its phenotype can be desirably modifie..

One of the strong indirect evidence for evolution comes from the study of Biochemistry of living organisms. Bio-chemically living organisms show considerable similarity. All organisms contain the same type of molecules, and almost all organisms control thems..

Carbon monoxide acts as the staring material for the synthesis of many important organic substances. For e.g., the synthesis of methyl alcohol, or methanol, (CH 3 OH) takes place by the reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen..

The duodenal mucosa secretes CCK in response to the presence of partially digested fats and proteins present in the chyme. The functions of CCK is to inhibit emptying of stomach, synthesis of digestive enzymes by pancreas and contraction of gall bladder. Thus the target organs ..