minor losses in pipe flow

. Hence, energy flows from sun through producers to consumers in a single direction only. The decreasing energy level at each step sets the limit of trophic levels to a maximum of 4 or 5. It is the continual trapping of light energy by green plants that makes good this loss and ..

The flow of liquid varies with speed of the liquid inside the pipes. Consider a pipe PQ through which a liquid flows. Let be the velocity of particles of liquid as shown in the diagram. If all the particles have the same velocity (meaning, both magnitude and ..

The velocity (m/sec) of water flow in a pipe of 25 m diameter for consecutive days of a month are observed as: 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 Find the class boundaries for the last class by ..

Solar Water Heater - Here heat is absorbed by a blackened metallic pipe or plate and water circulated through these pipes gain heat. Solar Water Heater Usually copper is used and it is painted black from the inside. A large number of turns ensure that the water flows f..

A p-n junction is said to be reverse biased if the positive terminal of the battery B is connected to N-side and the negative terminal to p-side of the p-n junction. The majority carriers are pulled away from the junction and the depletion region becomes thick. The resistance becomes high when reve..

The electricity produced from flowing water is called Hydroelectric power. The world's first hydroelectric power plant was set up in 1882 in Wisconsin USA. It had a very small output, supplying power only for about 250 light bulbs. But from this small start the production of hydroelectric..

The floating gas holder type of biogas plant has the following chambers/ sections: Mixing Tank - present above the ground level. Digester tank - Deep underground well-like structure. It is divided into two chambers by a partition wall in between. It has two long cement pipes: i) In..

The Reynolds number is a pure number that determines the nature of flow through a pipe. The critical velocity 'V C ' is given by If the value of Reynolds Number N R lies between 0 to 2000, the flow of liquid is streamline or laminar (the layers of liquid glide or..

If a plant cell is placed in a highly concentrated sugar or salt solution (i.e., hypertonic solution), water from the cell sap flows out due to exosmosis through the plasma membrane outside the cell. The loss of water from the cell sap causes contraction or shrinkage of th..

If a current I flows through a potential drop V, the energy lost per second by the drifting charges is VI. In a resistor of resistance R, the loss of energy appears as heat. The rate of heat production P is P = VI = I 2 R = V 2 /R and is independent of the direction of cur..