new and used lasers

Applications of Lasers - The development of the laser has opened many avenues of investigation and improved many others. The important characteristics that have contributed to its usefulness in these many areas are tile coherence, monochromaticity and great intensity o..

The smallest lasers used for telephone communication over optical fibres have as their active medium a semiconducting gallium arsenide crystal about the size of a pin-hea..

Ruby Laser - In 1960, T .H. Maiman constructed the first laser using a Ruby crystal. Ruby is a crystalline form of silica(Al 2 O 3 ) with a slight natural doping of chromium. It has the following advantages for being used as a laser. (i) It is a sol..

in the following way. The system can be a solid, liquid or gas but is taken in the form of a cylinder. A system is chosen which has a lower energy E 1 , a higher energy E 2 . Using some technique the number of atoms in state E 2 is made higher than that in state E 1 . In this situation..

Diagnostic Kits - Laser Microsurgery - Microsurgery is any operation done with the aid of microscopes. Surgeons work with spectacle - mounted magnifiers or with microscopes. Using this technique, surgeons can remove adenoma, tumours of the pituitary gland, without damaging the g..

Microsurgery is any operation done with the aid of microscopes. Surgeons work with spectacle - mounted magnifiers or with microscopes. Using this technique, surgeons can remove adenoma, tumours of the pituitary gland, without damaging the gland itself. Neurosurgeons, ear and eye sur..

The laser is an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. The laser has been invented and developed in 1959 and 1960. In the laser, the maser principle has been extended to optical or visible light frequencies of 10 1 4 to 10 1 5 cycle/s. ..

> can then become more heavily populated than state E 1 , thus providing the needed population inversion. A stray photon of the right energy can then trigger an avalanche of stimulate emission events, resulting in the production of laser light. A number of lasers using..

. These will be quickly stopped at the walls. Stimulated emission photons that are parallel to the axis, can move back and forth through the discharge tube many times by successive reflections from mirrors M 1 and M 2 . These photons can in turn cause other stimulated emissions to occur. A chain re..

The diameter of a circular garden is 32 m. What is the new circumference of the garden, if its radius is decreased by 6 m? [ Use π = 3.14] => 66.80 m or 125.60 m or 64.80 m or 62.80 m..