nucleophilic substitution reactions of aromatic nitro compounds

Aromatic Nitro Compounds - Aromatic compounds can be directly nitrated using a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulphuric acid. This reaction is an example of electrophilic substitution of benzene. The electrophile is a ni..

Electrophlic Aromatic Substitution - The -OH group attached to the benzene ring in phenol activates, it towards electrophilic substitution. It directs the incoming group to ortho and para positions in the ring as these positions become electron rich due to electronic e..

Aromatic carboxylic acids undergo electrophilic substitution reactions in which the carboxyl group is a deactivating and meta directing group. Aromatic carboxylic acids, however do not undergo Friedel - Craft's reaction..

All amino groups -NH 2 , -NHR, -NR 2 are most powerful activating groups in aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions are ortho and para directing. Aniline gets instantaneously brominated at all of the three O, p - positions to give a white precipitate. The ..

The reactions in which an atom or group of atoms in a molecule is replaced or substituted by different atoms or group of atoms are called substitution reaction. For example, In substitution reactions the hydrogen of the alkane m..

Aromatic compounds are those, which resemble benzene in chemical behavior. These compounds contain alternate double and single bonds in a cyclic structure. They undergo substitution reactions rather than addition reactions. This char..

Aromaticity (Huckel rule) - Aromatic compounds are those, which resemble benzene in chemical behavior. These compounds contain alternate double and single bonds in a cyclic structure. They undergo substitution reactions rather than additio..

Influence on the Reactions of other Functional Groups - The presence of nitro group facilitates nucleophilic substitution of otherwise unreactive aromatic halides by stabilizing the intermediate carbanio..

Coupling Reactions - The reactions in which diazonium salt acts as electrophile and brings about substitution in some electron rich aromatic ring such as in phenols and in amines. The diazonium ion is an electrophile as there is positive charge on terminal ni..

Summary - Alcohols and Phenols are compounds containing -OH as the functional groups. In alcohols, the -OH group is attached to sp 3 hybridised carbon. In phenols, it is attached to sp 2 hybridised carbon of an aromatic ring. In ethers, oxygen atom is attached to two carbons ato..