one state many nations

These are shared by more then one nation. Examples: Some rivers, certain lakes and migratory anima..

State of the System and State Functions - State of the system implies the conditions of its existence. In order to understand it, let H 2 O be considered as a chemical system. H 2 O can exist in three physical states; ice, water and steam depending upon the c..

Methanol is a gas at room temperature. Ethanol is a volatile liquid 294K. Other aldehyde and ketones are liquids or solids at room temperature. Lower aldehydes have sharp pungent odors. As the size of the molecule increases, the odor becomes less pungent and more fragrant. Lower ketones are colorl..

Halogens have only one electron less than the next noble gas. Therefore, they can get the noble gas configuration either by gaining one electron to form uninegative ion, X - , or by sharing electrons with other atoms. Thus, they show an oxidation of state of l or..

The atoms of these elements have three valence electrons, two in s-subshell and one in the p-subshell (ns 2 np 1 ). Therefore, all these elements can show maximum of +3 oxidation state. The common oxidation states, observed for group 13 elements are +3 and ..

Halogens have only one electron less than the next noble gas. Therefore, they can get the noble gas configuration either by gaining one electron to form uninegative ion, X - , or by sharing electrons with other atoms. Thus, they show an oxidation of state of l or + ..

The classification of matter into three different states, namely solid, liquid and gaseous state is termed as the physical classification of matter. Most properties of solid, liquid and gases that can be observed with our sense organs are called as 'macroscopic' properties..

Isothermal process is that in which the temperature of the system remains constant. Adiabatic process is where there is no exchange of heat between the system and the surrounding. Isobaric process is when the pressure on the system remains constant during any operation. Isochroic process is that i..

All the elements of this group have ns 2 np 4 configuration in their outermost shell. Therefore, the atoms of these elements try to gain or share two electrons to achieve noble gas configuration. Since oxygen has a very high value of electronegativity, it tends to achieve noble gas configuration pr..

Like halogens, hydrogen exhibits oxidation state of -1 in its compounds. Na + H - Na + Cl - Sodium hydride Sodium chlori..