photochemical ozone formation

When pollutants like hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides combine in the presence of sunlight, smog is formed. This is a mixture of gases and since it is formed by photochemical reactions, it is called the photochemical smog. The word 'smog' is derived from the two words - smoke an..

Morning and evening office hours lead to an increase in vehicular traffic. The emissions of CO, hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen increase during these times. These chemicals are also emitted by industries and power plants. NO 2 a good absorber of U.V. ray and visible radiation from the sun, st..

Example 18: The formation of ozone and its dissociation in the atmosphere maintain the oxygen-ozone balance in the ozone layer. Both the reactions occur in the presence of sunlight. The reactions involved are given below: ..

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Ozonides are formed when alkenes add a molecule of ozone across the double bond. For example, ethene gives ethene ozonide. ethene ethene ozonide Ozonides on hydrolysis with water in the presence of a reducing agent give alde..

The heat evolved or absorbed when 1 mole of a substance is formed from its elements is called heat of formation. It is denoted by D H f . For example, heat of formation of carbon dioxide and methane may be expressed as:..

All the alkali metals on exposure to air or oxygen burn vigorously, forming oxides on the surface of the metals. Lithium forms monoxide (Li 2 O), sodium forms the peroxide (Na 2 O 2 ) and the other elements form superoxides. (MO 2 : M = K, Rb, Cs). ..

Water has the ability to form compounds with some metal salts called hydrates. Three categories of hydrates have been recognized: Water molecules are coordinated to the central metal ion, in a complex ion. Many cations particularly the multivalent ions of transition metals have a tendency to coo..

All the first row transition elements form complexes. These complexes contain negative ions or neutral molecules linked to a metal ion. These are called as ligands. Some examples of the complex compounds formed by first row transition elements are: [Fe(CN) 6 ] 4 - , [Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ] 2 + ..

The formation of urine takes place by 3 processes. Filtration, reabsorption and secretion at different parts of the nephron (a) Ultra filtration or glomerular filtration. (b) Selective reabsorption (c) Tubular secret..