physical properties of hydrogen bonding

Directive property - When a bar magnet is suspended freely, it always comes to rest in a north-south direction. This property is used in the construction of a mariner's compas..

Conductors have free electrons. Electrostatic field inside a conductor is zero. At the surface, electrostatic field is normal to the surface at every point. Electrostatic field at the surface of charged conductor is given by ..

Magnetic lines of force form closed continuous curves. Outside the body of the magnet, their direction is from north to south pole. The tangent to these lines at any point gives the direction of the magnetic field at that point. No two lines can intersect each other. The lines of forc..

Additivity - If a system consists of two point charges q 1 and q 2 , then the total charge of the system is got by adding q 1 and q 2 . Thus, the charge add up like real numbers (scalars). When we add charges, one should take care of its sig..

Extending this to unit vectors, ..

The lines of force or field lines 1) start from positive charges and end at negative charges. In the case of a single charge, they may start or end at infinity. 2) two field lines can never intersect each other. 3) contract longitudinally. 4) exert lateral pressure on one another. 5) are..

(i) a - rays consists of a -particles carrying double positive charge having a mass roughly four times that of hydrogen atom. (ii) Due to large mass, their penetrating power is very small. (iii) Due to large mass and velocity they have a large ionizing power. (iv) a - rays produce ..

C - H bonds and two O = O bonds are broken to form 2C = O and 4 O - H bonds. Energy required to break C - H bond is 4.5 KJ/mole and that of O = O bond is 497 KJ/mole. Energy released in the formation of O - ..

When the impurity atom is a trivalent atom say indium, boron or aluminium, these atoms will replace the silicon atom as shown. The 3 valence electrons of Indium atom bond covalently with 3 of silicon atom. There is one incomplete covalent bond due to deficiency of an electron. T..

It is a pair of point charges with equal magnitude and opposite in sign separated by a distance. Many physical systems from molecules to TV antenna can be described as electric dipoles. A water molecule is an example of an electric dipole. Even though the water molecule as such is neutral..