principles of classification

Sulphur present in any organic compound is oxidized to sulphuric acid by digesting with fuming nitric acid. Sulphuric acid so formed is then quantitatively precipitated as barium sulphate by the addition of excess barium chloride. The precipitate of barium sulphate is filtered, washed, dried and w..

A saturated solution of the impure substance in a suitable solvent is made at a temperature higher than the room temperature. On cooling this solution, the substance reappears in the form of well-shaped crystal..

The lowering of pressure on the surface of a liquid lowers its boiling point. As a result of this, a liquid can be boiled and distilled, without any decomposition, at temperature much below its normal boiling poin..

This method is based on the relative solubility of the compounds in organic solvents versus aqueous medium. The organic liquid in which the compound is more soluble is generally called as 'solvent'. The solvent chosen should satisfy the following conditions: The solvent should be immiscible with..

The given organic base is allowed to react with chloroplatinic acid (H 2 PtCl 6 ) in concentrated HCl to form insoluble platinic chloride. This precipitate is separated, dried, weighed and is subsequently ignited till decomposition is complete. The residue left behind is platinum and is weighed ag..

Carbon and hydrogen are detected by heating the organic compound with cupric oxide (CuO) strongly, where carbon is oxidized to carbon dioxide and hydrogen to water. Carbon dioxide is tested by lime water test, whereas water is tested by anhydrous copper sulphate test. Fig:16.14 Detection of ca..

When carbon dioxide is passed into a concentrated solution of brine saturated with ammonia, ammonium bicarbonate is produced, The ammonium bicarbonate then reacts with common salt forming sodium bicarbonate, Sodium bicarbonate being slightly soluble (in presence of sodium ions) gets precip..

Biogas is produced as a result of anaerobic fermentation of biomass in the presence of wate..

AC Dynamo is based on the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. That is, when the relative orientation between the coil and the magnetic field changes, the flux linked with the coil changes and this induces a current in the coil. As the armature coil rotates, the angle Q changes continuousl..

A current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field experiences a torqu..