process of cell specialization

Distillation under reduced pressure or vacuum is carried out in a specially designed glass apparatus. A two necked 'Claisen's flask' is used, the main neck of which is fitted with a long capillary tube and the side neck being fitted with a thermometer. The side tube is connected to a con..

Due to the small difference in the boiling points, both liquids form vapors simultaneously. Vapors of the boiling liquid mixture are made to pass through a glass fractionating column. The fractionating column is a simple packed column, packed with glass beads, or it is a specially design..

In angiosperms, the fruits are usually formed after the process of fertilisation. In certain plants, however, the fruits are formed without the act of fertilisation. Such fruits are called parthenocarpic fruits and the phenomenon is known as parthenocarp..

The physical processes involving movement of materials in and out of a cell are diffusion and osmosis. Both these movements involve movement along the concentration gradient. Hence, there is no expenditure of ener..

Separation of the Constituents of Mixtures - Filtration - Filtration is the process of separating the solid from liquids by passing through a filter. Normally, after the tea is made, the leaves are separated by straining it through a strainer, or a clean piece of cloth. What you are doing..

The volcanic regions of Sicily have rocks containing about 25% of sulphur. Special types of kilns with air spaces are made on sloping hillsides. Powdered rocks containing sulphur are piled up on these brick kilns (Fig. 13.19..

The Process of Electrolysis - According to the theory of electrolytic dissociation, electrolytes can be electrolysed only in the dissolved or molten state. These charged ions are directed towards the respective electrodes by the electricity supplied. Let us examine the process o..

Current is passed through the two terminals in the reverse direction to that in which the cell provided current. That is, the anode is connected to the positive terminal of the d.c. source, and the cathode to the negative terminal. The hydrogen ions move to the -ve electrode and sulpha..

. Sodium rises from the cathode and remains in the wire gauze shell. The sodium produced is in molten state. Being lighter than the electrolyte it rises to the surface. As the level of molten sodium arises, it is forced into the receiver. The process is continuous and fresh salt is introd..

Here stored chemical energy is converted to electrical energy or current is drawn from the cell. The hydrogen ions go to the +ve electrode and SO 4 2 - to the -ve electrode. After giving their charges they react with the electrodes and reduce the active material to lead sulphate. Th..