quantum mechanics and atomic orbitals

Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom - Two new theories came to substantially modify Bohr's Atomic model. They a..

Wave nature of material objects In 1924, de Broglie's suggested that all material objects including an electron have a dual character; they behave as particles as well as waves. The wavelength associated with a particle of mass 'm', moving with velocity 'v' is given by de Broglie's relation as: ..

Atomic Orbitals - Electrons cannot exist at a particular point or in a well-defined orbit (path), according to the above new approach called wave mechanics. This led to the concept of 'most probable regions'. We talk about 'certain regions in space around the..

Quantum Theory of Covalent Bond - Although the Lewis structures give an idea of the valence electrons around the atom, in reality it does not precisely locate the position of the electrons in the chemical bond. The behaviour of electrons in molecules and compounds is made by the..

Orbitals of electrons in atoms differ in size shape and orientation. Definite energies and angular movements characterize atomic orbitals. The state of an electron in any atom is defined by certain permissible values of energy and angular momentum, ..

Orbitals of electrons in atoms differ in size shape and orientation. Definite energies and angular movements characterize atomic orbitals. The state of an electron in any atom is defined by certain permissible values of energy and angular mome..

An atomic orbital is the space around the nucleus in which the probability of finding the electron is maximum. These most probable regions can be diagrammatically represented by cloud density (dot) diagrams. The density of dots (or lack of them) in any region of the cloud diagra..

Single electron atoms - The relative energies of various orbitals of single electrons depend on the value of the principal quantum number 'n' and is independent of the value of 'l'. This can be shown by an arrangement known as energy level diagram. The diagram given be..

The wave character of an electron and uncertainty in its position and momentum gave a serious blow to Bohr's model of an atom. According to Bohr, the electrons revolve around the nucleus in certain well-defined circular orbits. But the idea of uncertainty in position and v..

Magnetic Quantum Number (m) - This quantum number describes the behavior of the electrons in the magnetic field. We know that the movement of electrical charge is always associated with magnetic field. Since the revolving electron possesses angular momentum, it will give rise to..