quantum theory of atomic structure

Modern Atomic Theory - In view of new discoveries about atoms, Dalton's atomic theory was modified as given below: Atom is no longer indivisible as it has a complex structure of sub atomic particles (electrons, protons ..

According to Max Planck's Quantum theory, radiation is not continuous but is made up of tiny packets of energy called photons. However, this theory could not explain other optical phenomena. From all the above theories it is clear that certain optical phenome..

Principal Quantum Number (n) - This quantum number determines the main energy level or shell in which an electron is present. It is usually denoted by n and can have any whole number value such as: n = 1, 2, 3, 4 .. etc. The various values of n as 1, 2, 3, 4 .etc., are also call..

The orientation of spin of an electron is designated by its spin quantum number 's'. The spin orientation is an intrinsic characteristic of the electron connected more with its magnetic behaviour rather than rotation of an electron about its own axis. This number can have only two values..

, +1 or p-subshell contains three orbitals called p- orbitals. If l=2, m may be -2, -1, 0, +1, +2 or d-subshell contains five orbitals called d-orbitals. Similarly, it can be shown that f-subshell can have seven orbitals. The number of orbitals in a subshells are given belo..

Structure of atom - When scientists started exploring matter, they discovered that the smallest particle of an element that maintains its chemical identity through all chemical and physical changes is called and 'atom..

The Structure of the Atom Scientific investigation on the structure of atom and its subatomic particles is an area where still absorbs scientists. In the process, they have discovered many more new subatomic particles, for example positron, meson, quarks ..

Valence Shell and Valence Electron - The outermost shell of an atom is called its Valence shell. It is the decisive shell during a chemical reaction. The electrons of only this outermost shell are involved during chemical combinations; electrons are either given out from the outermost she..

Introduction - A story unfolds - Structure of atom : Let us right away meet those who scripted a "mighty story" of a "miniscule" atom. John Dalton (1766 - 1844) : Born in a poor family of a weaver in England, he rose to become a teacher and later a Principal of a schoo..

Isotopes - It is interesting to note that atoms of a given atomic number can have different number of neutrons. Some examples are listed belo..