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Module Four: Statistical Inference - Estimation (point estimators and confidence intervals): Estimating population parameters and margins of error Properties of point estimators, including unbiasedness and variability Logic of confidence intervals, meaning of confidence level and confiden..

Probability: Interpreting probability, including long-run relative frequency interpretation 'Law of Large Numbers' concept Addition rule, multiplication rule, conditional probability, and independence Discrete random variables and their probability distributions, including binomial and ..

Overview of methods of data collection: Census Sample survey Experiment Observational study Planning and conducting surveys: Characteristics of a well-designed and well-conducted survey Populations, samples, and random selection Sources of bias in sampling and surveys Samp..

Module One: Exploring Data - Constructing and interpreting graphical displays of distributions of univariate data: Dotplot, stemplot, histogram, cumulative frequency plot Center and spread Clusters and gaps Outliners and other unusual features Shape Summarizing distributions of univariate data: Mea..

Let S be a sample space associated with a given random experiment. A real valued function X which assigns to each w i S, a unique real number, X( w i ) = x i is called a random variabl..

C(n,r) = C(n,n-r..

The selection of a number of things taking some or all of them at a time are called combinations. The number of ways of selecting r things out of n dissimilar things is denoted by C(n, r) or n C r..

Combinations - The selection of a number of things taking some or all of them at a time are called combinations. The number of ways of selecting r things out of n dissimilar things is denoted by C(n, r) or n C r..

In this chapter, we have learnt the application of permutations and combinations, the fundamental counting principle and relation between n C r and n P r..

P(n,r) is the number of permutations of n dissimilar things taken r at a time. These permutations can be divided into two groups. (i) Those not containing a particular thing l . (ii) Those containing a particular thing l . Taking out l from the given things, we have (n-1)..