reactions of aryl halides

Direct chlorination or bromination of benzene or other aromatic hydrocarbon gives chloroarenes and bromoarenes. These reactions are carried out in the presence of Lewis acids such as ferric or aluminium halides (FeCl 3 , FeBr 3 , AlCl 3 ) in the dark, at ordinary tempera..

Preparation of haloarenes - Preparative methods of haloarenes ar..

. The above reactions involve nucleophilic substitution process. Hence this method is not suitable for preparing aryl cyanides because aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reactions..

The solution of freshly prepared aromatic diazonium salt on reaction with cuprous chloride on cuprous bromide gives corresponding aryl chloride or aryl bromide. This reaction is called sand maeyer reaction. The arylchlorides or bromides can als..

Acyl halides undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution with several nucleophiles. i) They react with water to give carboxylic acids. This is called hydrolysis. ..

. The reaction is a typical example of nucleophilic substitution reaction. Here the ammonia molecules in the first step and the amine molecules in the subsequent steps act as nucleophile..

Aryl halide undergo 'Wurtz Fittig reaction' when heated with alkyl halide in the presence of sodium in anhydrous ether. Halogen atom is replaced by alkyl group. ..

An alkyl halides or a benzyl halide reacts with ammonia to form primary secondary and tertiary amines. If ammonia is used in excess primary amine is the major product. Under these conditions in the reaction mixture, an alkyl halide is more likely to enc..

. As PBr 3 and PI 3 , are not very stable compounds, they are prepared in situ by the action of red phosphorus on Br 2 , or I 2 , as: This method is preferred than other methods because both the products of the reaction (SO 2 and HCl) are gases and can easily escape leaving behind pure al..

Iodo alkanes on treatment with alcoholic AgNO 2 gives 80% of nitroalkanes and 20% alkyl nitrites...