refraction and reflection

When a ray of light is incident on a boundary separating the two media having different densities: A part of the light gets reflected. Rest of the light changes its direction as it enters the second medium. The change of direction suffered by a ray of light as it passes obliquely fro..

Light has been regarded as waves to explain the phenomena of reflection, refraction, diffraction etc. However in 1905, Albert Einstein suggested that light has a dual character, which means, it can behave as a particle as well as a wave. It was observed that some of the experime..

Characteristics of Wave Motion - Wave motion is the propagation of a disturbance produced in a medium by the repeated periodic motion of the particles of the medium. It is only the energy of the disturbance that moves forward without any mass transfer. In an elastic medium, the frequency and the am..

Light is a form of energy produced by luminous objects. Light can travel through vacuum. Light can penetrate through transparent materials but cannot pass through opaque objects. Light travels in a straight line in an optically homogeneous medium. Light bounces back when made to fall ..

According to Brewster's law, the polarizing angle of incidence i p is m = tan i p or 1.5 = tan i p .. i p = tan - 1 (1.5) = 56.3 0 When light is incident at the polarizing angle of incidence, the reflected beam is perpendicular to the transmitted beam. If r is angle of refra..

on the given wavefront AB. The distance traveled by light in t secs will be 'ct' where c is the velocity of light. With point 1 as centre and ct as radius, draw a sphere as shown (dotted circles). Repeat for points 2 and 3 and so on. Now draw a surface A 1 B 1 and A 2 B 2 such that they touch th..

1. Diamond is the purest form of carbon. 2. It is the densest of all allotropes of carbon (specific gravity is 3.51). 3. Diamond's tetrahedral structure, makes it the hardest naturally occurring substance. It is brittle and transparent. 4. Pure diamond is colourless, but traces of dissolved impurit..

Propagation of EM Waves in Atmosphere - In an Earth environment, electromagnetic waves propagate in ways that depend not only on their own properties but also on those of the environment itself. Since the various methods of propagation depend largely on frequency therefore the complete electromagne..

Human Eye - One of the most complicated optical devices is the human eye. Let us see the construction of the human eye and then the mechanism of image formation. Human eye is spherical in shape and diameter of about 2.5cm. Sclerotic is a tough, opaque and white substance forming the outermost coati..

>, on the other hand, is coated so as to be slightly "leaky," so that a small fraction of the laser light can escape at each reflection to form the useful beam. The windows W, W in the above figure, which close the ends of the discharge tube, are slanted so that their normals make an angl..