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Orbital Wave Functions and Shapes of Orbitals - According to wave mechanics, orbitals are described by wave functions known as orbital wave functions. These orbital wave functions can be represented as a product of two functions: (i) Radial wave fun..

Combination of 2s atomic orbitals - Like 1s-orbitals, 2s-orbitals combine by addition and subtraction of overlappingwavefunctions to form bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals. These are labeled as s 2s,and s *2..

Molecular orbital theory was proposed by F. Hund and R.S. Mulliken in 1932. The basic idea of molecular orbital theory is that atomic orbitals of individual atoms combine to form molecular orbitals. The electrons in molecules are pre..

Molecular Orbital Theory - Molecular orbital theory was proposed by F. Hund and R.S. Mulliken in 1932. The basic idea of molecular orbital theory is that atomic orbitals of individual atoms combine to form molecular orbitals. The..

For Hydrogen atom Z = 1 i.e., r a n 2 the stationary orbits are not equally spaced On substituting the value h = 6.6x10 - 3 4 J-sec n = 1 K = 9 x 10 9 Nm 2 /c 2 m = 9.1 x 10 - 3 1 kg e = 1.6 x 10 - 1 9 c, we get r = 5.29 x 10 - 1 1..

The orbital angular momentum of a 's' orbital is zero, as 'l' = 0. This means that the probability of finding an electron at a particular distance from the nucleus is the same in all directions/at all angles. Since the distribution of electron density is symmetrical, ..

s orbitals are non-directional and spherically symmetrical, This means that the probability of finding the electron is same in all directions at a particular distance from the nucleus, The 1s orbital is shown in the figure 1.3. fig 1.3 - Shapes of 1s..

Shapes of d orbitals - For d-orbital (l = 2), there are five possible orientations corresponding to m = - 2, -1, 0, + 1, +2. This means that there are five orbitals in each d-subshell. For 3d subshell, these are designated as 3d ..

For d-orbital (l = 2), there are five possible orientations corresponding to m = - 2, -1, 0, + 1, +2. This means that there are five orbitals in each d-subshell. For 3d subshell, these are designated as 3d x y , 3d y z , 3d..

The elements of the third period contain d-orbitals also in addition to s- and p-orbitals. The 3d-orbitals are comparable in energy to the 3s- and 3p-orbitals. These d-orbitals are also involved in the hybridization and the..