space communication

Propagation of EM Waves in Atmosphere - In an Earth environment, electromagnetic waves propagate in ways that depend not only on their own properties but also on those of the environment itself. Since the various methods of propagation depend largely on frequency therefore the complete electromagne..

Communication Satellites - Communication satellites are normally geostationary satellites. They have devices called transponder which receive signals from an earth station and transmit them in different directions. The signals in the form of electromagnetic radiation are transmi..

One desirable feature of radio transmission is that it should be carried without wires (i.e.,) radiated into space. At audio frequencies, radiation is not practicable because the efficiency of radiation is poor. However, efficient radiation of electrical energy is possible at high freque..

Conclusion - Unfolding the mysteries of the dark and silent space with no known boundaries has always been a dream of the human race. The desires of man has ultimately been accomplished through the exploration of space using various space launching vehicles, space..

To place a satellite into orbit it needs to be accelerated in several stages. The required acceleration is produced by firing rockets at various stages of flight. These rockets are fitted into a system called 'launch vehicle' which carries the satellite. By firing rockets at appropriate heights, th..

Basic Principles of Wireless Radio Communication - Let us now discuss the basic principles of wireless radio communications. We shall mainly concentrate on the principle of amplitude modulation and demodulation. The simplest scheme of wireless communication would be to..

This type of wave propagation is said to be unguided. The uniform plane wave exists throughout all space. The electromagnetic energy associated with the wave spreads over a wide are..

Unfolding the mysteries of the dark and silent space with no known boundaries has always been a dream of the human race. The desires of man has ultimately been accomplished through the exploration of space using various space launching vehicles, space probes ..

When free space is the communication channel, antennas radiate and receiver the signal. Theory shows that the antennas operate effective only when their dimensions are of the order of the magnitude of wavelength of the signal being transmitted...

In an Earth environment, electromagnetic waves propagate in ways that depend not only on their own properties but also on those of the environment itself. Since the various methods of propagation depend largely on frequency therefore the complete electromagnetic spectrum is now shown for reference..