structure of atom

Structure of Silica - A study of crystal structure of silica reveals that it forms a giant molecule as shown belo..

In graphite, the carbon atoms are arranged in flat parallel layers as regular hexagons. Each layer is bonded to adjacent layers by weak Van der Waals forces. This allows each layer to slide over the other easily. Due to this type of structure graphite is soft and slippery, and ..

The carbon atom in carbocation is sp 2 hybridized. Since it involves sp 2 hybridization, its structure is planar with a bond angle of 120 o . The three sp hybrid orbitals form three s -bonds with hydrogen or other carbon atoms of alkyl groups. The unhybridized p or..

: two with H-atoms and one with the adjacent carbon atom. This results in a planar structure. The two partially filled unhybridized p orbitals of the two carbon atoms overlap side-ways to form a pi bond as show..

In alkenes, two carbon atoms are bonded through a double bond in the parent chain. The formation of a double bond in alkenes is illustrated below by taking the simplest alkene, ethene, as a typical exampl..

In borax, two boron atoms are in triangular geometry and two boron atoms are in tetrahedral geometry. The ion is [B 4 O 5 (OH) 4 ] 2 - and the remaining eight water molecules are associated with the two sodium ions. Hence, borax contains tetranuclear units [B 4 O 5 (OH) 4 ] 2..

Boron has three electrons in its valence shell (1s 2 2s 2 2p 1 ). In the excited state, it acquires the configuration, 1s 2 2s 1 2p x 1 2p y 1 2p z and undergoes sp 3 hybridization to form four hybrid orbitals. There are only three valence electrons on each boron atom. ..

Lewis Structures of Some Covalent Compounds - The steps in writing Lewis structures of covalent compounds are as follows: of the molecule by placing the atoms of the combining elements properly. Usually an atom, which forms the largest number of bonds with ot..

Boric acid contains planar BO 3 3 - units bound together through hydrogen bonds forming a trigonal planar layer structure. Hydrogen atoms act as bridge between two oxygen atoms of different BO 3 3 - units ..

Electron and neutron diffraction studies show that carboxyl group has a planar structure. Thus the carboxylic carbon and the two oxygen atoms in carboxylic group are sp 2 hybridized. The carboxylic carbon forms are (sp 2 - sp 2 ) s - bond with two oxygen atoms. One the..