study logical form & equivalence

Introduction - Logic is the study and analysis of valid arguments. The arguments are in the form of statements or propositions, which are either true or false, but not both. There are also some statements, which appear to be true and false at the same time. They are ca..

The study of logic through the use of mathematical symbols is called Mathematical Logic. Mathematical logic is also known as Symbolic Logic or Boolean Logic. Venn diagrams are used very frequently on problems of "set theory". V..

. The energy received by the electrons helps it to escape from the surface of the metal and to do this the electron loses an amount of energy called as the work function of the surface of the metal ( f ). Therefore, if the energy received by the electron from photon is h u [equation (2)] and uses a..

Plants and animals occupy diverse habitats. It becomes practically impossible for a biologist to study each and every plant or animal species in its natural habitat. Hence, over the years attempts have been made to preserve the plant species or animal species in a simulated natural ..

Summary - Plants and animals occupy diverse habitats. It may not be possible to study most of them in their natural habitat. Attempts have been made to preserve the plants and animals in a form suitable for scientific studies. Such attempts have resulted in the establi..

What is the need for studying Biology? The study of Biology becomes important for the following reasons: It brings about an awareness of the rich diversity of life forms that inhabit the Planet Earth It helps us to know and appreciate the precision and complexity..

Rinse mouth 2 to 3 times to remove any food particles and collect saliva in three test-tubes labelled A, B and C. To B add half the quantity of 2% starch solution. To C add boiled saliva. Leave them for 5 minutes. At the end of five minutes, a) Addition of iodine to A gives no blue colour. Why? Th..

There are different forms of energy like for example, mechanical energy, heat energy, electrical energy and chemical energy. In this chapter, we shall study about mechanical energy. Kinetic energy and potential energy are the two types of mechanical energ..

This classification is based on the most fundamental property of the elements - the atomic number, so it is more accurate. With the atomic number as the basis of this classification, the position of isotopes in one place is justified. The systematic grouping of elements into the four blocks..

Logic is the study and analysis of valid arguments. The arguments are in the form of statements or propositions, which are either true or false, but not both. There are also some statements, which appear to be true and false at the same time. They are called paradoxes...