sulphonation of benzene

When benzene is heated with concentrated sulphuric acid at 353 K for 8 hours, benzene sulphonic acid is formed. benzene benzene sulphonic acid Oleum gives m-disulphon..

Benzene sulphonic acid on hydrolysis with superheated steam gives benzene. C 6 H 5 .SO 3 H + H 2 O C 6 H 6 + H 2 SO 4 benzene sulphonic acid benzene..

They possess the desirable properties of ordinary soaps and can be used with hard water and in acidic solutions as well. Synthetic detergents are sodium salts of long chain benzene sulphonic acids or sodium salt of long chain alkyl hydrogen sulphates. Their calcium or magn..

They possess the desirable properties of ordinary soaps and can be used with hard water and in acidic solutions as well. Synthetic detergents are sodium salts of long chain benzene sulphonic acids or sodium salt of long chain alkyl hydrogen sulphates. Their calcium or magnesium ..

Synthetic Detergents - They possess the desirable properties of ordinary soaps and can be used with hard water and in acidic solutions as well. Synthetic detergents are sodium salts of long chain benzene sulphonic acids or sodium salt of long chain alkyl hydrogen sulphates. Thei..

Electrophilic Substitution - The nitro group strongly deactivates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution. Nitro group is electron withdrawing group and thus causes electron deficiency at ortho and para positrons as is clear from the resonating structures of nitro benzene..

CH 3 (CH 2 ) 1 0 CH 2 OSO 3 - Na + - sodium lauryl sulphate CH 3 (CH 2 ) 1 6 CH 2 OSO 3 - Na + - sodium stearyl sulphate Alkyl benzene sulphonates (Anioni..

The open chain structure for benzene was rejected due to the following reasons: Addition reactions usually given by alkenes and alkynes are not given by benzene. Benzene forms only one kind of mono- substituted product. An open chain structure however, can form more t..

Soaps are not suitable when hard water is used. Detergents can be used with both hard and soft water. Detergents are more soluble in water than soaps. They also have a stronger cleansing action than soaps. Detergents do not need expensive vegetable oil for their preparation as they can be prepared..

Nitration of aniline gives unexpectedly 47% of n-nitro aniline. This is due to the fact that aniline gets protonated to a -N + H 3 group which is meta directing and deactivating. Thus for facilitating nitration, aromatic amines are converted to amides which after performing nitration are hydrolyzed..