summary of hydrates and anhydrous compounds

Certain ionic compounds, when crystallizing from an aqueous solution, retain water in their crystal structure in essentially constant (fixed) amounts. The presence of this water of hydration is indicated by attaching the number of molecules per unit formula of the ionic com..

This is defined as the heat change (evolved or absorbed) when one mole of the anhydrous salt combines with the required number of moles of water to form the specific hydrated sal..

Water has the ability to form compounds with some metal salts called hydrates. Three categories of hydrates have been recognized: Water molecules are coordinated to the central metal ion, in a complex ion. Many cations particularly the multivalent ions of transition..

Summary - Alcohols and Phenols are compounds containing -OH as the functional groups. In alcohols, the -OH group is attached to sp 3 hybridised carbon. In phenols, it is attached to sp 2 hybridised carbon of an aromatic ring. In ethers, oxygen atom is attached to two carbons ato..

Alcohols and Phenols are compounds containing -OH as the functional groups. In alcohols, the -OH group is attached to sp 3 hybridised carbon. In phenols, it is attached to sp 2 hybridised carbon of an aromatic ring. In ethers, oxygen atom is attached to two carbons atoms by two separate s..

Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and their functional derivatives (aryl halides, acid anhydrides, esters and amides) contain a carbonyl group and are highly polar molecules. They boil at higher temperature than hydrocarbon and weakly polar compounds like ethers, of comparable mo..

The heats of hydration of substances is calculated using Hess's law. For example the heats of hydration of copper sulphate can be calculated from the heats of solution of anhydrous and hydrated salts of copper. The heats of solution of CuSO 4 and CuSO 4 .5H..

Summary - Study of the compounds of carbon is organic chemistry. They form the basis of living organisms and the things around us. An unique property of carbon is 'catenation'. It is the property of forming bonds with the atoms of the same element. The catenation property of car..

Summary - Ammonia is produced by decay of plant and animal tissues. Nitrogenous organic matters like urea in the urine and excreta of animals get acted upon by bacteria releasing ammonia. Ammonia is manufactured by Haber's Process by the reaction of 1 volume of nitrogen gas and 3 volumes ..

According to this theory, the reducing atmosphere of primitive earth helped in the formation of simple inorganic compounds followed by simple organic compounds. Then complex organic compounds and subsequently their interaction leading to the formation of self dup..