titration

Acid Base Titrations - In acid base titrations, a base is added to an acid successively (or vice versa) and the pH of the solution is noted after every addition. The plot of pH against the amount of base (or acid) added is called a titration curve. The shape of the cur..

In acid base titrations, a base is added to an acid successively (or vice versa) and the pH of the solution is noted after every addition. The plot of pH against the amount of base (or acid) added is called a titration curve. The shape of the curve depends upon the ionizat..

Titration is an operation for the measurement of quantities of substances in solution by the method of 'volume analysis'. This process involves adding a solution of the reagent of known concentration (standard solution), taken in a burette (called 'titrant'), to an unknown solution (calle..

This type of titration is carried out between a weak acid such as acetic acid (CH 3 COOH) and weak base such as ammonium hydroxide (NH 4 OH). There is no sharp change in the pH during the titration. Hence, no sharp equivalence point can be obtained with common indicators. How..

When we add a solution of NaOH to the solution of HCl, the pH progressively increases. This is because OH - ions from the base will react with H + ions of the acid to form water. This decreases the concentration of H + ions and therefore pH increases. The pH of the solution increases only sli..

Volumetric method is used for determining the molecular masses of acid and bases. In this method, a known mass of the acid is dissolved in water or neutral alcohol, and the solution is titrated against a standard solution of an alkali using phenolphthalein as the indicator. From the volu..

Indicators are substances, which indicate the completion (equivalence point or end point) of a chemical reaction by change in colour. For example, in volumetric analysis, during the titration of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid (taken in the burette), phenolphthalein turns pin..

General Preparation: - By direct combination - By Reaction of metals / metal oxides / hydroxides / carbonates / bicarbonates / metal sulphides with acids. - By precipitation of insoluble salts. - By reaction of acidic oxides with alkali. In the laboratory, salts can be prepared by displacement..

. This shows that all the alkali has been used up. Close the tap. (vii) Transfer the solution into an evaporating dish and carefully evaporate to dryness. (viii) Colorless crystals of hydrated sodium sulphate (Na 2 SO 4 .10 H 2 O) are deposite..

With ordinary acid-base indicators the, colour change is not sharp and abrupt, but it extends over 2 units of pH. In order to have sharp colour change over a narrow and selected range of pH, a mixture of indicators are used. The pK I n d values of these indicators are close together and the ove..