uses of the halogens

The presence of halogens in any organic compound is detected by using sodium extract (Lassaigne's extract) with silver nitrate as follow..

Alkenes react with halogens to form dihaloalkanes. The order of reactivity is, chlorine > bromine > iodine. Simply mixing together the two reactants, usually in an inert solvent like carbon tetrachloride, best carries out the reaction. Alkene ..

. ClO 2 and Cl 2 O are used as bleaching agents for paper, pulp, textiles and water treatment. The structures of some common oxides of chlorine are shown belo..

The most widely used method for the preparation of haloalkanes. Here, the hydroxyl group (-OH) of the alcohol is replaced by the halogen atom (X..

Chloroform reacts with primary amines (both aliphatic and aromatic) and alcoholic caustic potash, to give isocyanide compound, which is commonly known as carbylamine. It has an extremely unpleasant smell and is used as a test for primary amines. ..

Two molecules of alkyl halides (same or different) react with metallic sodium in the presence of ether to form alkanes. This reaction is called Wurtz reaction and is used to prepare symmetrical alkanes...

The halogen atom is replaced by cyano group on heating with anhydrous cuprous cyanide in the presence of pyridine or dimethylformamide (DMF)...

The monohalogen derivatives of alkanes are called alkyl halides. Their names are derived by naming the attached alkyl group to halogen and adding the name of the halide. For example, The prefix n- is used for alkyl group having continuous chain of C-atoms with no branching...

This method is used to prepare fluoroarenes by treating benzene diazonium chloride with fluoroboric acid. The reaction produces diazonium fluoroborate which, on heating, produces fluorobenzene...

Chloroform reacts with concentrated nitric acid to form nitro chloroform or chloropicrin...