valence orbitals

Drawbacks of Valence Bond Theory - 1) It is a qualitative approach describing bonding in coordination compounds. 2) The theory fails to explain the optical absorption spectra and magnetic properties of coordination compounds. 3) The theory does not provide an answer to the origin of chara..

1) It is a qualitative approach describing bonding in coordination compounds. 2) The theory fails to explain the optical absorption spectra and magnetic properties of coordination compounds. 3) The theory does not provide an answer to the origin of characteristic colors of complex ions. 4) It does ..

Orbital Representation of Covalent Bonds - Covalent bonds are formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals. As orbitals have different shapes, it is difficult to represent the actual shape of the orbitals on the paper. Hence a pictorial notation is adopted with t..

Only the valence shell orbitals of the atom are hybridised. Orbitals undergoing hybridisation should have only a small difference in their energies. It is not necessary that only half filled orbitals participate in hybridisation. Even filled orbi..

The electronic configuration of carbon in excited state is given as: 6 C: 1s 2 2s 1 2p x 1 2p y 1 2p z 1 There are four half-filled orbitals available for bond formation resulting in the formation of four covalent bonds in this state. However, the four half-filled valence o..

Methane is the simplest carbon. Here, the four half filled orbitals belonging to the valence shell of carbon atom undergoes hybridization, resulting in the formation of four sp 3 hybrid orbitals which are directed towards the corners of tetrahedron. Each of the ..

Like all other first elements of the groups, oxygen also differs from its family members. The anomalous behavior of oxygen is due to its (i) small size (ii) high value of ionization energy and electronegativity (iii) absence of d-orbitals in the valence shel..

Methane is the simplest carbon. Here, the four half filled orbitals belonging to the valence shell of carbon atom undergoes hybridization, resulting in the formation of four sp 3 hybrid orbitals which are directed towards the corners of tetrahedron. Each of the sp 3 ..

Covalent Bonding - When the combining atoms have 4, 5, 6, or 7 electrons in the outermost or valence shell, they cannot donate electrons. Instead, they mutually share electrons in order to complete their octet in the outermost orbit or shell. Such a type of valency is ..

Quantum Theory of Covalent Bond - Although the Lewis structures give an idea of the valence electrons around the atom, in reality it does not precisely locate the position of the electrons in the chemical bond. The behaviour of electrons in molecules and compounds is made by the vale..