vinyl and aryl halides

Direct chlorination or bromination of benzene or other aromatic hydrocarbon gives chloroarenes and bromoarenes. These reactions are carried out in the presence of Lewis acids such as ferric or aluminium halides (FeCl 3 , FeBr 3 , AlCl 3 ) in the dark, at ordinary temperatures (310..

Haloarenes are colorless liquids or crystalline solids. Aryl halides are heavier than water. Being heavier than water, they are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. The melting and boiling points of aryl halides are nearly the same a..

. The above reactions involve nucleophilic substitution process. Hence this method is not suitable for preparing aryl cyanides because aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reactio..

The solution of freshly prepared aromatic diazonium salt on reaction with cuprous chloride on cuprous bromide gives corresponding aryl chloride or aryl bromide. This reaction is called sand maeyer reaction. The arylchlorides or bromides can also be prepared by Gattermann re..

. The reaction is a typical example of nucleophilic substitution reaction. Here the ammonia molecules in the first step and the amine molecules in the subsequent steps act as nucleophile..

Aryl diazonium salts constitute intermediates that can be used to synthesis many classes of organic compounds especially aryl halides in the pure stat..

(c) is chlorobenzene, an aryl halide because the chlorine is directly attached to the benzene ring. (a), is benzyl chloride which is a substituted haloarene, while (b) is chlorocyclohexane which is a haloalkan..

The sp 2 hybridized carbon atom in the C-X bond in haloarene molecule is more electronegative than the sp 3 hybrid carbon atom in alkyl halide. This carbon has less tendency to release electrons to the chlorine atom and so the C-Cl bond in aryl halides is less polar..

Diazonium salts are prepared by diazotization reaction by the action of nitrous acid on cold solution of aromatic primary amine. Diazonium compounds can be converted by sand maeyers reaction to aryl halide. Aryl diazonium salts on reaction with cuprous cyanide form ..

Aryl halide undergo 'Wurtz Fittig reaction' when heated with alkyl halide in the presence of sodium in anhydrous ether. Halogen atom is replaced by alkyl group. ..