what biotechnology

Biotechnology is science of manufacturing useful substances, chemicals, medicines by use of living organisms and their life process. In fact, biotechnology is not a new science. Alcohol was the first product manufactured by ancient biotechnologis..

Biotechnology is science of manufacturing useful substances, chemicals, medicines by use of living organisms and their life process. In fact, biotechnology is not a new science. Alcohol was the first product manufactured by ancient biotechnologist. In recent years, biotechn..

Genetic engineering can be described as an in vitro manipulation of genes. It refers to artificial synthesis, modification, removal, addition and repair of the genetic material (DNA) to alter the genotype at will. It has evoked great interest because it may enable the geneticists in the near ..

It is the application of principles and practices of engineering and technological sciences in living organism..

Summary - Biotechnology is the use of technological procedures in the field of biology for obtaining products of commercial importance. Biotechnology is the use of technological procedures in the field of biology for obtaining products of commercial importance. Biotechnolog..

Much before the advent of modern biotechnology, there were several practices that were commonly followed. Breeding (hybridisation) of plants and animals to change the genotype and phenotype of the hybrids is probably the oldest and the most widely used technique of genetic engineeri..

Plant Cloning - Scientists have genetically engineered agronomically important crop plants, using the meristematic cell..

Hargobind Khorana and his colleagues produced the first synthetic DNA in 1965 by purely chemical means. They synthesised the gene coding for yeast alanine tRNA which needed only 77 base pairs. Unfortunately, this gene did not function. Khorana and his associates, in 1979, synthesized the gene codin..

. All these cells in a clone are derived from a single parent cell by mitotic divisions. The clones may be isolated and propagated. Most micro-organisms, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, which live in nature as single cells, can be easily cloned in vitro, using agar as a nutrient medium. fig. 25.5 ..

These are used to break DNA molecule into fragments. They are further of three kinds, Exonucleases, which release nucleotides from 5 or 3 ends of a DNA molecule; Endonucleases, which cleave DNA helix at any point except the at the terminal ends and Restriction endonucleases, which cleave D..